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These file systems bypass the kernel, page cache, I/O subsystem and avoid interrupts and context switching, allowing the application to perform byte-addressable load/store memory operations.
Modular power suite tools not changing windows#
File systems that support DAX include Linux ext4 and XFS, and Windows NTFS. It allows applications to directly access persistent media using memory-mapped files residing on a DAX aware file system. Similar to SSD, the raw capacity of a region is partitioned into one or more logical devices called namespaces.ĭirect Access (DAX) is described in the Persistent Memory Programming Model.
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Intel recommends using the ndctl utility for creating namespaces for the Linux operating system and PowerShell cmdlets on Microsoft Windows. Namespaces are associated with App Direct Mode only. The PMem storage unit appears in /dev as a device used for input/output (I/O). NamespaceĪ namespace defines a contiguously addressed range of non-volatile memory conceptually similar to a hard disk partition, SCSI logical unit (LUN), or an NVM Express* namespace. Think of namespaces as a way to divide the available space within a region in a similar way in which one would use partitions with regular HDDs and SSDs. LabelĮach PMem module contains a Label Storage Area (LSA), which includes the configuration metadata to define a namespace. The configuration goal can be created, changed, or modified using the ipmctl utility or options in the BIOS. Regions are created when the platform configuration goal is defined – Memory Mode or AppDirect. This hardware-level parallelism increases the available bandwidth from the devices. It allows spreading adjacent virtual addresses within a page across multiple memory devices. Interleaving is a technique that makes multiple PMem devices appear as a single logical virtual address space. The Regions are created in interleaved or non-interleaved configurations. RegionĪ region is a group of one or more PMem modules, also known as an interleaved set.
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This section describes the basic terminology and concepts applicable to the configuration and management of Non-Volatile Dual In-line Memory Modules (NVDIMMs), including PMem.